So I did some research, as I was curious about paint, and there seems to be a lot of words that mean paint. After finding a whole lot of stuff, I think I've got some useful information compiled, as follows.
A material that when applied as a liquid to a surface forms a solid film for the purpose of decoration and/or protection. Generally, a paint contains a binder(s), solvent(s), and a pigment(s). Often other materials are present to give special properties to the paint film.
| Paint Parts | Common Confusions | Solvents | Other Parts | Properties/Effects | Other Definitions | Alphabetic list |
Binder: The nonvolatile portion of a coating vehicle that forms the film, so called because it binds the pigment particles and any additives present into a solid durable film. Also referred to as the resin.
Medium: The component of paint in which the pigment is dispersed.
Pigment: a) Small particles added to the paint to influence properties such as color, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. b) A finely divided, insoluble substance which imparts color to the material to which it is added.
Resin: An organic polymer in the form of a crystalline or amorphous solid, or viscous liquid, of either natural or synthetic origins.
Solvent: see below
Vehicle: The combination of binder and solvents or diluents, which puts the binder in a liquid, usable form.
Acrylic: A coating based on a polymer containing short-chain esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid. Acrylics are widely used as automotive topcoats. Their physical properties can be controlled in part by the choice of the alcohol used to make the ester.
Alkyd: A synthetic resin based on a polyester binder which is the condensation product of a polybasic acid such as phthalic, a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin and an oil fatty acid. Alkyds are widely used in water-based house paints and automotive primers.
Enamel: A broad classification of free-flowing clear or pigmented varnishes, treated oils, or other forms of organic coatings that usually dry to a hard, glossy or semi glossy finish.
Epoxy: Synthetic resins formed by the condensation of epichiorohydrin and bisphenol-A.
Lacquer: A term which usually indicates that the material dries by evaporation and forms a film from the nonvolatile constituents.
Latex: a generic term describing stable dispersions of resin particles in a water system.
Natural varnish: Tree resins (mastic and dammar), fossil resins (copal and amber), and insect resin secretions (shellac).
Acetone: A powerful ketone-type lacquer solvent.
Active solvent: A liquid that can dissolve a paint binder when used alone.
Aliphatic solvent: A type of solvent comprised mainly of straight-chain hydrocarbons Examples are gasoline, kerosene, hexane, and naphtha.
Aromatic: A type of solvent based on benzene ring molecules. Aromatics are often used as diluents in acrylic lacquers Typical examples are benzene, xylol, and toluol.
Benzoic acid: An aromatic monocarboxylic acid used in terminating chain growth in polyester or alkyd polymers. Also used in the manufacture of plasticizers.
Latent solvent: A liquid that cannot itself dissolve a binder but increases the tolerance of the paint for a diluent.
Polar solvents: Solvents such as alcohols, ketones, etc., which contain oxygen, etc. These have high dielectric constants.
Turpentine (spirits): The traditional solvent or thinner for a drying oil (such as linseed oil) distilled from the resin that is exuded by certain trees, e.g., the European larch, white fir, and American longleaf pine.
White spirit: Turpentine substitute consisting of naphtha thinners (solvent distilled from petroleum). They are colorless hydrocarbons, boiling range 100 to 160°C, used as a paint thinner.
Diluent: A liquid that extends a solution but definitely acts to weaken the solvent power of the active solvent.
Drier: Any catalytic material which when added to a drying oil accelerates drying or hardening (curing) of the film. Driers are often metal salts of carboxylic acids.
Drying oil: a) A water-insoluble liquid, usually obtained from a plant source, that reacts with oxygen (from the air) to form a crosslinked polymeric film. b) Oils which have the property of forming a solid, elastic surface when exposed to air in thin layers. An example is Linseed oil, whereas Olive oil is a 'non-drying oil'.
Extender: A pigment which contributes very little hiding to the system, but does reinforce the film and alter the gloss.
Lake: A colored natural or synthetic dye absorbed onto a semi-transparent base and used as a pigment.
Plasticizer: A low-molecular-weight material added to polymeric materials such as paints, plastics, or adhesives to improve their flexibility.
Scumble: Very thin layer of opaque or semi-opaque paint that partially hides the underlayer.
Blanching: A term applied to lacquer when they become partially opaque, cloudy or transparent upon application or drying. Fast-evaporating solvents may cool the film enough to cause water condensation, precipitating solid materials.
Crawling: The tendency of a liquid to draw up and bead on the surface.
Cure: The process by which paint is converted from the liquid to the solid state.
Flash time: The time between paint application and baking. Usually a considerable quantity of solvent is lost during this interval, and this solvent loss prevents popping problems in the oven.
Leaching: When solvents are applied to a paint film, solvent soluble compounds are removed and the film becomes more brittle.
Light fastness: (1) ability to withstand color changes on exposure to light (2) the relative degree of change or lack of change in color of materials exposed to the same amount and character of light.
Mottling: A film defect associated with spraying. Appears as circular imperfections.
Oleoresinous: Indicating a material which has been made by the combination of an oil and a resin.
Sinking: The absorption of paint medium by a lean underlayer to produce a matte or dead surface.
Sagging: The tendency of a wet paint film to flow downward and become thicker on vertical surfaces.
Agglomerate: Clumps of pigment crystals that have formed loose clusters containing entrapped air. Usually undesirable in paint, as they tend to settle out and have poor optical properties.
Colloids: Aggregates of molecules in solution (dispersion) resulting in particles having dimensions in the 0.001 millimicron to 1000 micron range.
Condensation cure: Any crosslinking process that liberates water and other simple molecules during the reaction.
Critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC): The volume percent pigment in a coating in which the pigment particles are surrounded by resin so that no free surface pigment exists
Emulsion: a) A class of colloidal dispersions containing two or more immiscible liquids. b) A suspension of fine particles or globules of a liquid within a liquid.
Emulsion polymerization: The formation of a polymer in which the growing polymer molecules form droplets in the reaction medium. This situation arises when the solvent can dissolve the monomer, but not the polymer.
Fugitive pigment: A phrase used to describe a pigment's impermanence and tendency to fade or change color under the influence of natural effects such as sunlight.
Glass transition temperature: The temperature at which polymer molecules are able to move fairly freely in the solid state.
High-solids paint: Paint containing 35-80% solids. These products have become popular because of the reduction in solvent emissions associated with their use.
So that's what I've got so far, more organizing later
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scott (at) carterjackson.com